Franklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States

Franklin D. Roosevelt was the thirty-second president of the United States. He was also the first and last president to serve four terms. Next, to Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, FDR’s presidency was one of the most challenging presidencies in the history of the United States. Throughout his presidency, he faced extremely hard tasks and while facing them he had promised the people prompt, vigorous action, and he was assertive with his Inaugural Address. In 1929, the longest economic downturn in American history hit, known as the Great Depression. In 1933, when the economy was at its bleakest, FDR took office and during his Inaugural Address, promised the American people that he would take swift action in trying to fix the depression with†¦show more content†¦On December 8th, 1941, the day after the bombing of U.S. Naval base Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt met in front of a joint session of Congress, which declared war on Japan (History.com Staff, 2009). Roosevelt met f requently with Great Britain s prime minister, Winston Churchill and tried to create good relations with the Soviet Union’s leader, Joseph Stalin. In 1944, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin all met at the Yalta Conference where Stalin committed to joining the war against Japan after Germany’s Impending surrender. Great Britain, The United States, and The Soviet Union became known as the â€Å"Big Three† which then became the foundations for the United Nations, which was a post-war international peace organization. The start of Roosevelt’s Administration was also the darkest time in the Great Depression. The stock market had plunged 85% from it’s high in 1929 (Cohen, 2009). As a result of this, Roosevelt wanted to get to work immediately. He and his cabinet were able to pass 15 major bills through congress within the first 100 days of his presidency. A presidential barrage of ideas and programs, historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. observed, unlike anyth ing known to American history. This rapid lawmaking will be known as â€Å"The First 100 Days†. Roosevelt enacted the New Deal which was a series of programs in order to help the United StatesShow MoreRelatedFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1546 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 31-33 Test: Individual Question When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to his first term as president of the United States in 1932, America was in a severe depression. When Franklin Roosevelt took office in March of 1933, President Hoover handed the problems of the Great Depression over to Roosevelt. Upon taking office, Franklin Roosevelt issued a bank holiday which forced all banks to close from March 6 to March 10 while he met with Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Act to allow banksRead MorePearl Harbor : A Gateway Of Strength For Our Nation1381 Words   |  6 Pagespassage to a change in history for better or worse. In the â€Å"Pearl Harbor Address,† Franklin D. Roosevelt used parallel structure, rhetorical appeals, and diction to portray his strong opposing sentiments toward the catastrophic acts that occurred in Pearl Harbor, and changed American history course by declaring war against the Japanese Empire. Historical Background During the 1930 s the United States was unready materially, economically and psychologically, due to the fact that theRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt : An Effective American President And Leader1509 Words   |  7 Pages1 Bernier Abby Bernier Mrs. Walden Sophomore Honors History Period 1 8 December 2014 The Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt Thesis: Franklin D. Roosevelt was an effective American president and leader. Franklin D. Roosevelt was a powerful leader and one of the most highly regarded presidents in American history. He connected well with American people, had a strong character, possessed a clear vision for America, had valuable political skills, and could lead people in challenging times. With recentRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelts Presidency Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was our nations thirty second president. Unlike all the other presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected for four consecutive terms. However he died in the first year of his fourth term. During his prolonged presidency Franklin Delano Roosevelt did many incredible things as our Nations leader. He pulled us out of the great depression, dealt with civil rights issues, created many reforms for our nation including the twenty-first amendment, handled the attack on PearlRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt Vs. Franklin Roosevelt1559 Words   |  7 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was conceived on January 30, 1882, into an affluent gang. The Roosevelts had been unmistakable for a few eras, having made their fortune in land and exchange. Franklin was the main offspring of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family inhabited Springwood, the ir domain in the Hudson River Valley in New York State. While growing up, Franklin Roosevelt was encompassed by benefit and a feeling of pomposity. He was instructed by guides and tutors until age 14Read MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt: The Thirty- Second President of United States710 Words   |  3 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt, the 32 president of the United States of America. His life began on January 30th of the year 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. Family was not so big. He had both of his parents. His parents were Sara Delano and James Roosevelt. Roosevelt did have only one sibling he was a half-brother named James Roosevelt. His mother passed away when he was 59 and his father passed away when he was 18. Roosevelt was home schooled until 1896 by the school Groton School in Massachusetts. He attendedRead MoreAnalysis Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt s Life And Education1717 Words   |  7 PagesBody of Research Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York as an only child to a rich couple. â€Å"Franklin’s family had been prominent for several generations, having made their fortune in real estate and trade. Roosevelt was the only child of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family lived at Springwood, their estate in the Hudson River Valley in New York State.†(Biography.com Editors, pg.1).As previously inquired, the fact that Roosevelt had been bornRead MoreThe New Deal: Franklin Roosevelt879 Words   |  4 Pages The term, The New Deal, comes from Franklin Roosevelt’s 1932 democratic presidential nomination acceptance speech, Roosevelt says, I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.(Referring to the great depression) Roosevelt explains the New Deal as a use of the authority of government as an organized form of self-help for all classes and groups and sections of our country. The New Deal program was born in a Brain Trust meeting prior to Roosevelt’s inauguration. (Anonymous)Read MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt And The New Deal1116 Words   |  5 PagesPark, New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921. He became the 32nd US president in 1933, and was the only president to be elected four times. Roosevelt led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, and greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal. Roosevelt died in Georgia in 1945. President Roosevelt’s parents made a living both on real estate and trade. Roosevelt was schooled byRead MoreThe Imperial Presidency By Arthur Schlesinger Jr. S. President Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, the term â€Å"Imperial Presidency† has been used in the 1960s to portray the United States presidents and their utilities. â€Å"Imperial Presidency† is grounded on many citations, observations that are devised by many historians. A numerous number of presidents follow the footsteps of presidents before them, in order to live in the shadow, they leave behind. Residing by the thought of, given that the president achieved his successes during his office, they try to repeat the same idea in order Franklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States Chapter 31-33 Test: Individual Question When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to his first term as president of the United States in 1932, America was in a severe depression. When Franklin Roosevelt took office in March of 1933, President Hoover handed the problems of the Great Depression over to Roosevelt. Upon taking office, Franklin Roosevelt issued a bank holiday which forced all banks to close from March 6 to March 10 while he met with Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Act to allow banks with enough money to reopen and for the Federal Government to help the banks that did not have enough money (A Bank). This act was a prerequisite to many other programs that would develop under Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration. Under†¦show more content†¦These actions are similar to the actions taken by Theodore Roosevelt during the progressive era. The ideas of the National Recovery Administration contains ideas that further the ideas and events during Theodore Roose velt’s presidency. During his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt intervened in the coal strike of 1902, where he showed strong support for the workers. This is similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal policies that involved the Federal Government directly helping the working class people. Furthermore, the progressive era showed strong support â€Å"for legislation regulating child labor and workplace safety† (Reform). Through the National Recovery Administration, child labor was ended (The Great). Even after the Supreme Court ruled the National Recovery Administration unconstitutional in the Schechter case, the basic principles of both the progressive era labor union reforms and the National Recovery Administration were carried through in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). This new act readministered many of the regulations issued by the National Recovery Administration; this act â€Å"set a minimum wage, maximum working hours, and forbade children under 16 from working† (The Great). Similarly, by 1910 of the progressive era, state laws were already established that regulated the minimum age for children to work at an age between 12 and 16 and also set a maximum length to a workday and aShow MoreRelatedFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1221 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt was the thirty-second president of the United States. He was also the first and last president to serve four terms. Next, to Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, FDR’s presidency was one of the most challenging presidencies in the history of the United States. Throughout his presidency, he faced extremely hard tasks and while facing them he had promised the people prompt, vigorous action, and he was assertive with his Inaugural Address. In 1929, the longest economic downturn in AmericanRead MorePearl Harbor : A Gateway Of Strength For Our Nation1381 Words   |  6 Pagespassage to a change in history for better or worse. In the â€Å"Pearl Harbor Address,† Franklin D. Roosevelt used parallel structure, rhetorical appeals, and diction to portray his strong opposing sentiments toward the catastrophic acts that occurred in Pearl Harbor, and changed American history course by declaring war against the Japanese Empire. Historical Background During the 1930 s the United States was unready materially, economically and psychologically, due to the fact that theRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt : An Effective American President And Leader1509 Words   |  7 Pages1 Bernier Abby Bernier Mrs. Walden Sophomore Honors History Period 1 8 December 2014 The Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt Thesis: Franklin D. Roosevelt was an effective American president and leader. Franklin D. Roosevelt was a powerful leader and one of the most highly regarded presidents in American history. He connected well with American people, had a strong character, possessed a clear vision for America, had valuable political skills, and could lead people in challenging times. With recentRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelts Presidency Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was our nations thirty second president. Unlike all the other presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected for four consecutive terms. However he died in the first year of his fourth term. During his prolonged presidency Franklin Delano Roosevelt did many incredible things as our Nations leader. He pulled us out of the great depression, dealt with civil rights issues, created many reforms for our nation including the twenty-first amendment, handled the attack on PearlRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt Vs. Franklin Roosevelt1559 Words   |  7 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was conceived on January 30, 1882, into an affluent gang. The Roosevelts had been unmistakable for a few eras, having made their fortune in land and exchange. Franklin was the main offspring of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family inhabited Springwood, the ir domain in the Hudson River Valley in New York State. While growing up, Franklin Roosevelt was encompassed by benefit and a feeling of pomposity. He was instructed by guides and tutors until age 14Read MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt: The Thirty- Second President of United States710 Words   |  3 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt, the 32 president of the United States of America. His life began on January 30th of the year 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. Family was not so big. He had both of his parents. His parents were Sara Delano and James Roosevelt. Roosevelt did have only one sibling he was a half-brother named James Roosevelt. His mother passed away when he was 59 and his father passed away when he was 18. Roosevelt was home schooled until 1896 by the school Groton School in Massachusetts. He attendedRead MoreAnalysis Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt s Life And Education1717 Words   |  7 PagesBody of Research Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York as an only child to a rich couple. â€Å"Franklin’s family had been prominent for several generations, having made their fortune in real estate and trade. Roosevelt was the only child of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family lived at Springwood, their estate in the Hudson River Valley in New York State.†(Biography.com Editors, pg.1).As previously inquired, the fact that Roosevelt had been bornRead MoreThe New Deal: Franklin Roosevelt879 Words   |  4 Pages The term, The New Deal, comes from Franklin Roosevelt’s 1932 democratic presidential nomination acceptance speech, Roosevelt says, I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.(Referring to the great depression) Roosevelt explains the New Deal as a use of the authority of government as an organized form of self-help for all classes and groups and sections of our country. The New Deal program was born in a Brain Trust meeting prior to Roosevelt’s inauguration. (Anonymous)Read MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt And The New Deal1116 Words   |  5 PagesPark, New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921. He became the 32nd US president in 1933, and was the only president to be elected four times. Roosevelt led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, and greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal. Roosevelt died in Georgia in 1945. President Roosevelt’s parents made a living both on real estate and trade. Roosevelt was schooled byRead MoreThe Imperial Presidency By Arthur Schlesinger Jr. S. President Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, the term â€Å"Imperial Presidency† has been used in the 1960s to portray the United States presidents and their utilities. â€Å"Imperial Presidency† is grounded on many citations, observations that are devised by many historians. A numerous number of presidents follow the footsteps of presidents before them, in order to live in the shadow, they leave behind. Residing by the thought of, given that the president achieved his successes during his office, they try to repeat the same idea in order

Analysis Of Steven Stone s The Lord Of The Kings Essay

Steven Stone to a church in Houston, Texas, USA: Grace be unto you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and from the seven Spirits which are before his throne; And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, and hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen. Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen (Rev. 1:4-8). I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty (Rev. 1:9). I, Steven Stone, your brother and fellow partaker in the tribulation and kingdom and perseverance which are in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus. I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s day, and I heard behind me a loud voice like the sound of a trumpet, saying, â€Å"Write in a book what you see, and send it to the Houston-East Park Missionary Baptist Church (Rev. 1:9-11a). â€Å"To the angel of the Houston-East Park Missionary Baptist Church located in Houston, Texas write: The One who holds the seven stars in his right hand and walks in the midst of the seven gold lampstands (Rev. 2:1); the first and the last, who onceShow MoreRelatedConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesUniversity of Leiden 14 June 2012 Department: Language and Culture of China Course: Visual Political Communication (BA3) Semester: Summer Semester 2011/2012 Lecturer: Florian Schneider Journey to the West A Textual-Visual Discourse Analysis Name: Stefan Ruijsch (Student No. 0620203) Major: Chinese Studies, BA 3 E-mail: s.ruijsch@umail.leidenuniv.nl Phone: 06-48369645 Address: Vrijheidslaan 256, 2321 DP Leiden Word Count: 9,387 Table of Contents pageRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesHandbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. 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To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 Pagesdays when kings were kings, Louis XIV made his modest remark, LEtat cest moi. He was nearly right. But times have changed. The steam engine, the multiple press, and the public school, that trio of the industrial revol ution, have taken the power away from kings and given it to the people. The people actually gained power which the king lost For economic power tends to draw after it political power; and the history of the industrial revolution shows how that power passed from the king and the aristocracyRead MoreMGT1FOM Key Management Theorists26579 Words   |  107 Pagesthan a century his work would lie dormant, waiting other times and other people to advance his seminal ideas. One of the few bright spots in Babbage’s life was his friendship with Augusta Ada (1816–1852), countess of Lovelace and daughter of the poet Lord Byron. The countess had a gift for mathematics and engineering and was one of the few who really understood Babbage’s work. She wrote treatises on his work, expressed his ideas better than he could, and wrote programs for the computer. She warned peopleRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. 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Scarlet Letter Essay Questions Example For Students

Scarlet Letter Essay Questions Discussed Themes Throughout The Scarlet LetterThe Puritans, a religious group in New England in the early 1600s, believe in a pure interpretation of the Bible and a sinless society, though inevitable in every society. Many Puritans commit adultery along with many other sins. This shows the many external truths about the Puritan society as well as todays. Many of these Puritan ethics appear throughout many literary works of today and of the past. Although written almost 150 years ago, Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter contains concepts and insights from traditional practices of the Puritans. Hawthorne makes distinctions in order for the reader to deal with realistic interpretations of human experiences and truths, which most can readily relate. Nathaniel Hawthorne often discusses themes of sin, alienation, and love throughout his novel The Scarlet Letter. There was a beautiful woman who started with all the advantages, yet she had no luck. She married for love, and the love turned to dust. She had bonny children, yet she felt they had been thrust upon her, and she could not love them (Lawrence 1). The story continues to tell us of Hester, who is unable to love her children and is obsessed with money. Only she herself knew that at the center of her heart was a hard little place that could not feel love, no, not for anybody.(Lawrence 1) There were many problems in the household, one of which was a lack of love from the mother. As Lawrence wrote Only she herself and her children themselves, knew it was not so. They read it in each others eyes (Lawrence 1). During a conversation, Pauls mother mentions that luck is, what causes you to have money. If youre lucky you have money. Thats why its better to be born lucky than rich. If youre rich you may loose your money. But if youre lucky you will always get more Forbes 2money.(Lawrence 1). The situation is then made worse by assuming that her misfortunes were caused by her marriage to an unlucky husband. The father is clearly a failure as a provider and family-head, so much that we are scarcely conscious of his existence. And his failure is aggravated by the high social position the family tries to maintain (Koban 280). Lawrence tells us the mother had a small income, and the father had a small income, but not nearly enough for the social position which they had to keep up.(1) Due to their financial position the house began to whisper There must be more money! There must be more money! (1)When Paul learned from his mother that luck equals money, which in turn brings happiness, he believes if he can bring in money, it would make his mother happy, thus bringing love. From there he diverts all his attention to obtaining luck for his mother. The father withdrawal, of course, leaves a gap which encourages Paul in a natural Oedipal urge to replace his father (Snodgrass 118). Pa ul reacts by stating he is lucking and sets out on a mission to find luck and silence the house from whispering. He went off by himself, vaguely, in a childish way, seeking for a clue to luck. He wanted luck, he wanted it, he wanted it. Here we discover Pauls secret of secrets: a wooden horse that enables him to predict winners of each derby as he places bets on them. Now! he would silently command the snorting steed. Now take me to where there is luck! Now take me! We would slash the horse on the neck with the little whip. He knew the horse could take him to where there was luck, if only he forced it. So he would mount Forbes 3again and start on his furious ride, hoping at last to get there (Isaacs 263). Paul, accepting the unspoken invitation to take his fathers place in fulfilling his mothers dreams seemed to be fulfilled when, with the help of Bassett, the gardener, he begins to win money betting on horses (Kaplan 1971) Determined to make his mother happy he gives her five thous and pounds, thinking it would make her happy and the house stop whispering. Of course, said the boy, I started it for mother. She said she had no luck, because father is unlucky, so I thought if I was lucky, it might stop whispering. Lawrence 9). The selfishness of the mother is revealed once again as she is not satisfied with the agreement of receiving money on her birthday for the next five years. She must have it now! But in the afternoon Uncle Oscar appeared. He said Pauls mother had had a long interview with the lawyer asking if the whole five thousand could not be advanced at once, as she was in debt (Lawrence 11) Amon, Frank. The Rocking Horse Winner. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler et. al. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1990. 200-02. Rap and Hip Hop EssaySnodgrass, W.D. The Rocking Horse Winner. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler et. al. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1990. 206-07. Koban, Charles. The Rocking Horse Winner. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler et. al. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1990. 206-07.

The Importance of Arts and Humanities. Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Arts and Humanities. Essay The arts and humanities are more essential than ever to the endurance of our democratic values of tolerance, pluralism and freedom. At a time when so much is happening to change the way we work and live, the way we relate to one another and the way we relate to the rest of the world, we cannot fully understand the past, nor envision the future we need to pursuer without the arts and humanities. - Excerpts from First Lady Hillary Roadman Silicons remarks to the Presidents Committee on the Arts and Humanities, Washington, D. C. February 25, 1997. What are arts and humanities? Is it simply history, philosophy, literature, arts ND music? Arts and humanities are far beyond that. It helps us to have a better vision of the past and how the world is changing through out times. On the other hand, arts and humanities can help us think, make decisions upon the mistakes that had already be done in the past and also the great things people accomplished. However, with the infringed demands of new technology and invention, the society is starting to pay less attention to the importance of arts and humanities. Therefore generations today are lacking the knowledge of these subjects. As a result, generations today without arts and humanities are lacking he ability of critical thinking as well as how the world revolves around us, and the ability to read, reason and communicate, As time goes by, technology is improving in order to keep up with the world and the public demand. Therefore people are more focusing on the subject of science so that new invention and creation can be created to improve their qualities of life. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Arts and Humanities. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In fact arts and humanities also have the power to improve the quality of life. The presence of performing and visual arts is an important component to perceive the quality of life. Though math and science are very essential in his new century, we should still be concerned With the importance Of arts and humanities. Majority of students in college and university will tend to major in subject related to math, science and business. The reason is Obvious that they believed they Will have a higher opportunity in finding a better job and have a better career after they graduated. People are actually being influence by the society rather then their own interest although theres still some exceptional. Arts and humanities might not be able to guarantee jobs as much as math and science, however arts and humanities are related to each and everyone of us ND its something that we all should know. We are blessed with some excellent colleges and universities that focus on the arts and humanities, Knowing arts and humanities is like knowing the past and knowing how the world would become the way it is today. We can learn from the mistakes that had already been done in the past as well as the great things that had been accomplished. Arts and humanities help us to gain the ability to read, reason and communicate, and these ability is the keys to successful career development. A liberal education, provided by arts and humanities, does not emphasize object matter; instead it focuses on the ability to write, reason, read and work with numerical information. People who wish to enter the field of business and economic, they should also pay attention to the importance of arts and humanities. Understanding what Other people value, understanding how their cultures work, and having some facility with their native languages all play a key hole in helping the businesses Of this region work effectively across cultural boundaries. l believe that we should not draw too firm a line been the humanities and Other academic fields Of learning said President Neil L. Rotundities. The arts and humanities are essential to a liberal arts education because of their direct connection to human experience. .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d , .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .postImageUrl , .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d , .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d:hover , .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d:visited , .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d:active { border:0!important; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d:active , .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueece61ee86af694b4bfe7935d4ba656d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diamonds are my Best Friend EssayArts and humanities help us to develop critical thinking, witness others experience, understand how people from different culture lives and their own value. It broadens our perspective of life and society thus helps us to deal with everyday problem and bring us closer to one another. Arts and humanities are essential to everyone to us, the consequence of generation without arts and humanities means a generation without thoughts, experience and ability to deal with problem in life as well as dealing with people around us.

Words and Phrases of Love in French

Words and Phrases of Love in French If French is the language of love, what better language is there with which to express your love? Here are some key French words and phrases related to love, friendship, and special occasions. Click on the link to hear the word or phrase pronounced. Love amour Love at first sight le coup de foudre friendship amiti I love you Je taime I love you too Moi aussi, je taime I adore you Je tadore Will you marry me? Veux-tu mpouser? to kiss embrasser to french kiss galocher (learn more) to date sortir avec to fall in love (with) tomber amoureux (de) (not tomber en amour) to get engaged se fiancer (or avec) to get married se marier avec engagement les fianailles marriage le mariage wedding les noces, le mariage wedding anniversary lanniversaire de mariage honeymoon la lune de miel St. Valentines Day (card) (une carte de) la Saint-Valentin present un cadeau flowers des fleurs candy des bonbons clothes des vtements perfume du parfum jewelry des bijoux engagement ring une bague de fianailles wedding ring une alliance husband un mari, un poux wife une femme, une pouse fiance un fianc, une fiance* lover un amant, une amante boyfriend un copain girlfriend une copine friend un ami, une amie* dear, sweetheart chri, chrie* * Same pronunciation for masculine and feminine version. French Terms of Endearment (Termes dAffection) French has all kinds of interesting terms of endearment, including a rather odd assortment of barnyard animals. Check out this list of French terms of endearment to use with your loved ones (both romantic and familial). For the most part, these all mean something along the lines of sweetie, darling, or poppet, so weve provided the literal translations as well as a few notes (in parentheses). My love mon amour My angel mon ange My baby mon bb My beautiful (informal) ma belle My dear mon cher, ma chre My dearie mon chri, ma chrie My cutie mon mignon My Half ma moiti My little guy / girl mon petit / ma petite My doll ma poupe My heart mon cur My little girl (informal, old-fashioned) ma fifille My big guy / girl mon grand / ma grande My Jesus (when talking to a child) mon jsus My treasure mon trsor My (fruit) core (when talking to a child) mon trognon Ma  mie  literally my female friend, but used to mean my dear/love. This is a somewhat old-fashioned term contracted from  mon amie mamie ma mie. Note that  mie  also refers to the soft part of bread - the opposite of the crust. Affectionate French Terms Related to Animals Learn some playful French word for your loved ones. My doe ma biche My little doe ma bichette My quail (informal) ma caille My duck mon canard My kitten mon chaton My cat (familiar) ma chatte My pig mon cochon My egg mon coco My hen (informal) ma cocotte My rabbit mon lapin My otter ma loutre My wolf mon loup My pussycat (informal) mon mimi My pussycat mon minet / ma minette My kitty mon minou My hen ma poule My chicken mon poulet My pullet (informal) ma poulette My chick (informal) mon poussin My flea (informal) ma puce Love Words Related to Food My cabbage, my pastry (informal) mon chou My favorite, blue-eyed boy/girl, pet* (informal) mon chouchou My dropping (also refers to a small, round goat cheese) ma crotte My barley sugar mon sucre dorge *as in teachers pet    Notes About Modifiers The word  petit  (little) can be added in front of most of these:  mon petit chou,  ma petite chatte, etc.The phrase  en sucre  (made of sugar) can be added to the end of some:  mon trà ©sor en sucre,  mon cÅ“ur en sucre, etc. Note that the  possessive adjectives  mon  and  ma  (my) have to agree with the gender of the term of endearment- not your own gender nor necessarily that of the person youre talking to/about. Generally speaking, masculine terms of endearment can be used for men and women, while feminine terms of endearment can only be used for women. Perfect Your Pronunciation: How to Say I Love You in French They say that French is the language of love, so youd better know how to say I love you! These step-by-step instructions will teach you how to say I love you in French. Heres How Find the person you love.Say his or her name.Say  je taime:j  in  je  is pronounced [zh] like the g in miragee  is pronounced like the oo in goodtaime  is pronounced [tem] to rhyme with them.Optional: Follow with my darling:To a woman   ma chà ©rie, pronounced [ma shay ree].To a man   mon chà ©ri, pronounced [mo(n) shay ree]. The (n) is  nasal.You can also choose a different  French term of endearmentOptional: To respond to someone who says I love you, say  Moi aussi, je taime  (I love you too).moi  is pronounced mwa.aussi  is pronounced oh see.You can listen to sound files of these terms on my page of  French love language What You Need A few minutes of practiceA romantic locationYour beloved(optional) candles, flowers, bonbons, soft music, an engagement ring... English Expressions Using Love The English word love is found in many different expressions. Heres how to translate these phrases into French. love affair (literal) une liaison love affair (figurative) une passion love at first sight le coup de foudre love child un enfant damourun enfant illgitimeun enfant naturel love feast une agapeun banquet love game (tennis) un jeu blanc love handles poignes damour love-hate relationship un rapport amour-haine love-in-a-mist (plant) la nigelle de Damas love-knot les lacs damour love letter une lettre damourun billet-doux love-lies-bleeding (plant) amarante queue-de-renard love life la vie amoureuseses amours love match un mariage damour love nest un nid damourun nid damoureux love of ones life le grand amour love potion un philtre damour love scene une scne damour love seat une causeuse love story une histoire damour love (in tennis) zro, rien love token un gage damour love triangle un triangle amoureux loved ones tres chers lovestruck perdument amoureux brotherly love amour fraternel casual love affair un amour de rencontre courtly love amour courtois declaration of love une dclaration damour first love son premier amour free love amour libre in love (with) amoureux (de) labor of love une tche accomplie pour le plaisir madly in love fou damour my love (term of endearment) mon amour physical love amour physique platonic love amour platonique puppy love amour juvnile true love le grand amour for the love of God pour lamour de Dieu He loves me, he loves me not Il maime un peu, beaucoup, passionnment, la folie, pas du tout Hows your love life? Comment vont tes amours ? Id love to! Avec plaisir !Volontiers ! It cant be had for love nor money. Cest introuvable.On ne peut se le procurer aucun prix. Lucky at cards, unlucky in love Heureux au jeu, malheureux en amour not for love nor moneyI wouldnt do it for love nor money. pour rien au mondeJe ne le ferais pour rien au monde. Someone up there loves me. Cest mon jour de veine. Theres no love lost between them. Entre eux, ce nest pas le grand amour.Ils ne peuvent pas se sentir. to do something for the love of it faire qqchose pour lamour de lart to do something out of love for faire qqchose par lamour pour to do something with loving care faire qqchose avec amour to fall in love (with) tomber amoureux (de) to live on love alone vivre / se nourrir damour et deau frache to love aimer to make love faire lamour

Inspirational High School Graduation Quotations

Inspirational High School Graduation Quotations Most of us would agree that the days we spent in high school were certainly the best days of our lives. It was in school that we made our first friends, competed to excel, hoped for places in the sports teams, and learned our first lessons about life. Memories come flooding back when you read each high school graduation quote on this page. If you want to wish your friends on their graduation day, you can make a special greeting with one of these high school graduation quotes. Graduation Quotations AnonymousYour schooling may be over, but remember that your education still continues.Isabel WaxmanIt is indeed ironic that we spend our school days yearning to graduate and our remaining days waxing nostalgic about our school days.Ralph Waldo EmersonThe things taught in schools and colleges are not an education, but the means of education.Martha ReevesThe morning after my high-school graduation found me up early job hunting. The dream of college I put on the back burner.Henry FordYou cant learn in school what the world is going to do next year.Author UnknownEmotions, drama, broken hearts, and liesAnd they say these were the best days of our lives?Richard BachDont be dismayed at goodbyes. A farewell is necessary before you can meet again. And meeting again, after moments or lifetime, is certain for those who are friends.Johann Wolfgang von GoetheDream no small dreams for they have no power to move the hearts of men.Andy McIntyreIf you think education is expensive, try ignorance!

Urban Transport Crisis in New York City and Berlin Essay

Urban Transport Crisis in New York City and Berlin - Essay Example The identification of the problems related with the urban transport policy of the above cities is followed by the presentation of cities which have introduced an effective model of urban transport policy and which could therefore operate as an indicator of the changes that should be made on NY’s and Berlin’s urban transport policies. A general reference to the urban transport policy and its structure in the European area has also be included in order to present issues that should be taken into account when re-designing the urban transport policy of Berlin and New York. Description and general characteristics of urban transport in New York City New York City has adopted and applies a series of programs regarding the urban transport. More specifically, according to the official website [7], the local authorities have tried to resolve current problems regarding the public transportation by proceeding to specific measures, like the provision of seminars on Safety for pedestrians, drivers and bicyclists while the Traffic Safety is also taught in NYC Schools. Specific measures regarding the disabled have also been included in the City’s transport policy. On the other hand an advanced Traveler Information System has been introduced through which City drivers can be informed on the Traffic online through video from various locations in all City’s boroughs [7]. On the other hand, there had been specific provision for the provision of parking throughout the City (and its boroughs) and there is also a relevant guide provided to any interested driver. There are specific measures proposed for the safety in the Subway whic h are presented to the public through a guide published by the City Council.

External and Internal Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

External and Internal Environments - Essay Example ..6 i. Competitive Rivalry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 ii. Power of Suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Recommendations for the Forces of Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 External Threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Strengths and Weaknesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Resources, capabilities and core competences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Background Information Waste Management incorporation is one of the largest waste disposal firms in the United States and the world. This company has many subsidiaries in different countries across the world. Arguably, this company serves more than 2.5 million organizations and 26 million residents in Canada and the United States. This company has segmented its geographic environment into five regions, which include the Southern, Eastern, Western and Midwestern United States and Canada. The company recycles the waste products and also uses it to generate energy (Waste Management, 2012). The company provides waste gathering, transportation, and reprocessing and disposal services. Waste Management incorporation carries on its activities as the world leader in waste man agement that range from medical and solid waste to extremely poisonous chemical waste. This organization has in the past been experiencing growth and increase in stock prices at healthy rates (Waste Management, 2012). The General Environment A firm’s environment consists of aspects that the firm can readily influence as well as aspects that are distant from its influence (Hitt et al, 2011). The general environment relies on the external environment of business. The general environment consists of factors that have dramatic effects on firm strategy. In essence, organizations have little capacity to forecast trends and events in the general environment and even less capacity to control them (Longenecker, 2005). The general environment consists of the demographic segment, technological segment, political and legal segment, environmental segment, and the social factors segment. Waste Management Incorporation operations have been profoundly influenced by the political and legal en vironment and the economic environment (Waste Management, 2012). i. Political and legal Environment The political environment of many nations directly influences the operations of Waste Management Incorporation. Since this company disposes waste that drift from normal consumer refuse to toxic industrial waste, drafting and implementation of new legislations concerning the industry can have a severe economic effect on the organization’s outcome. The United States government has implemented laws and regulations that influence this company (Waste Management, 2012). The United States government has enacted many public, occupational and environmental health and safety associated acts that have impacts on waste disposal industry in the nation. The Solid Waste Disposal Act together with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 are acts which transformed the industry of Waste Management Incorporation to the present state. Many organizations had to change and adapt to the new gu idelines (Waste Management, 2012). In addition, the management of perilous waste was stipulated in Comprehensive

A Comparison of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian Societies Essay Example for Free

A Comparison of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian Societies Essay Although Egypt and Mesopotamia were both early agricultural societies built upon the water provided by the major rivers which sustained them, they exhibited important differences as a consequence of the different physical environments in which they developed. In this paper I will first focus on what I consider to be the major aspects of these differences in environment and then explore the consequences of these differences in their religious beliefs, political organization and commercial practices. A major difference in physical environment between these ancient societies was the seasonal river flows on which they depended for farming. The Nile which supported early Egyptian civilization was characterized by predictable and annual flooding in the early fall. These floods occurred after crops were harvested. This pattern was a consequence of the regular late summer monsoon rains which fell at its headwaters. The Nile also possessed a large spreading delta area that gave rise to natural irrigation canals that would flood the areas between them with fertile nutrients for the next planting year. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers which supported the Mesopotamian society would typically flood in the late spring just when crops would be ripening, often with disastrous results on harvests. This pattern was a result of these waters originating from winter snow melt in the Anatolian mountains (now in present day Turkey) where these rivers originated. These floods sometimes caused the rivers to change their course abruptly cutting off fields from water. Another primary physical difference contributing to cultural differences was the relative isolation in which ancient Egypt developed compared to Mesopotamia. According to our text book ‘Egypt’s natural isolation and material self-sufficiency fostered a unique culture that for long periods of time had relatively little to do with other civilizations’. In contrast, Mesopotamia was open to migration or invasion and was dependent on imported resources. Also many different ethnic peoples contributed to the growth of Mesopotamian society. The religious beliefs of Egypt and Mesopotamia were influenced by many factors. The rivers, every day objects, and the beliefs of the people. In Egypt in contrast to Mesopotamia the Pharaoh was considered to be a god in addition to being the supreme ruler. He was the main god of their religion. In Egypt people praised their gods for the annual flooding of the Nile. However in Mesopotamia the people were frightened of their gods because ‘the gods could alter the landscape’ arbitrarily. In return they gave their gods gifts in hopes of appeasing them. In both of the civilizations religion was polytheistic, i. e. , having many gods. The political organization of Egypt was based on the central authority of the Pharaoh. Since he was the embodied form of a god, he was the law. He chose where the capitol would be located, such a Thebes, Memphis, etc. Although smaller cities existed in ancient Egypt the majority of Egyptians appeared to live in small farming villages. In contrast, Mesopotamia was built around a number of independent city states surrounded by farming villages. Many of these cities competed with each other or even warred with each other to become a dominant center of power. No uniform basis for law or justice existed in this decentralized environment until Hammurabi succeeded in becoming the first king of Babylon and established the Babylonian Empire with control over all of Mesopotamia. He created a law code of which may copies were made. These inscribed tablets were sent to the different clans of Mesopotamia and became a basis for a uniform legal system, including classification of the people living under his dominion The commercial activities in Mesopotamia were quite extensive as a result of the requirement to develop trading relationships between the different city states and other regions to obtain needed resources. This resulted in the development of a merchant class in the urban centers unlike the situation in Egypt. Trade was based on bartering rather than money. Goods traded included wood, metals, and stone in exchange for wool, cloth, barley, and vegetable oil. These practices required the development of the skills needed for acquiring, transporting, and protecting valuable commodities. According to our textbook, independent merchants and merchant guilds had gained considerable influence in Mesopotamian society by the second 2000 BC.

A Change in Hemoglobins Structure Can Disturb Hemoglobin Function Essa

A Change in Hemoglobin's Structure Can Disturb Hemoglobin Function Abstract: The fact that a molecule?s structure determines its function can be seen through the oxygen transporter protein, hemoglobin. Hemoglobin can take two forms, oxy state and deoxy state, and each performs a distinct function for the hemoglobin. In a normal hemoglobin, the oxygen binds to a heme group during the oxy state and releases oxygen during the deoxy state. However, when hemoglobin is mutated like in sickle cell anemia, in which the amino acid glumatic acid is substituted with valine in the sixth position of beta subunit; the hemoglobin will not function correctly in the deoxy state. This will lead the hemoglobin to take a sickle shape that will eventually cause sickle cell anemia. Imagine doing an internship in the emergency department of the hospital, suddenly, a five year old athlete comes to the ER that is having hard time breathing. The results from the tests that were done on the athlete show that he could not become like his idol, Michel Jordan, in basketball because he has sickle cell anemia. During the talk with one of the doctors that you were working with, you discover that sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease that occurs due to the deficiency of the red blood cells. This is caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin, an oxygen carrier protein, in which one amino acid is changed to another. This mutation in the structure of the hemoglobin disturbs the proteins? normal function and eventually leads to sickle cell anemia. Have you wondered how this small change in the structure of hemoglobin can cause sickle cell anemia, and 3 stop the athlete from playing basketball? Well, this is one of the main topics that w... ...6um%3D 1%26hl%3Den>. (3)"blood: hemoglobin tetramer." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopï ¿ ½dia Britannica, Inc. . 27 Jul 2008 . (4) "Porphyrin." The Free Dictionary. Copyright ï ¿ ½ 2008 . Farlex, Inc.. 27 Jul 2008 . (5)DR.JAKUBOWSKI,"CHAPTER5-BINDING."05/16/08.27Jul2008 html>. 6)Voet, Donald. Biochemsitry . 1990. John Wiely , 7, 8) ?How Does Sickle Cell Cause Disease?." April 11, 2002 . harvard . 27 Jul 2008 . 12 Acknowledgments: I acknowledge Dr. Peck, Mike, Bless and my professors from the chemistry cluster: Dean, Tim, and Tobey for always being there for me whenever I needed their help to spark this project. A Change in Hemoglobin's Structure Can Disturb Hemoglobin Function Essa A Change in Hemoglobin's Structure Can Disturb Hemoglobin Function Abstract: The fact that a molecule?s structure determines its function can be seen through the oxygen transporter protein, hemoglobin. Hemoglobin can take two forms, oxy state and deoxy state, and each performs a distinct function for the hemoglobin. In a normal hemoglobin, the oxygen binds to a heme group during the oxy state and releases oxygen during the deoxy state. However, when hemoglobin is mutated like in sickle cell anemia, in which the amino acid glumatic acid is substituted with valine in the sixth position of beta subunit; the hemoglobin will not function correctly in the deoxy state. This will lead the hemoglobin to take a sickle shape that will eventually cause sickle cell anemia. Imagine doing an internship in the emergency department of the hospital, suddenly, a five year old athlete comes to the ER that is having hard time breathing. The results from the tests that were done on the athlete show that he could not become like his idol, Michel Jordan, in basketball because he has sickle cell anemia. During the talk with one of the doctors that you were working with, you discover that sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease that occurs due to the deficiency of the red blood cells. This is caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin, an oxygen carrier protein, in which one amino acid is changed to another. This mutation in the structure of the hemoglobin disturbs the proteins? normal function and eventually leads to sickle cell anemia. Have you wondered how this small change in the structure of hemoglobin can cause sickle cell anemia, and 3 stop the athlete from playing basketball? Well, this is one of the main topics that w... ...6um%3D 1%26hl%3Den>. (3)"blood: hemoglobin tetramer." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopï ¿ ½dia Britannica, Inc. . 27 Jul 2008 . (4) "Porphyrin." The Free Dictionary. Copyright ï ¿ ½ 2008 . Farlex, Inc.. 27 Jul 2008 . (5)DR.JAKUBOWSKI,"CHAPTER5-BINDING."05/16/08.27Jul2008 html>. 6)Voet, Donald. Biochemsitry . 1990. John Wiely , 7, 8) ?How Does Sickle Cell Cause Disease?." April 11, 2002 . harvard . 27 Jul 2008 . 12 Acknowledgments: I acknowledge Dr. Peck, Mike, Bless and my professors from the chemistry cluster: Dean, Tim, and Tobey for always being there for me whenever I needed their help to spark this project.

Minorities in the United States Essay

Assimilation is defined as a process by which an individual or a group acquires the attitudes and sentiments of other individuals or groups and then incorporates their history and experience to achieve a similar cultural life (Park & Burgess, 1921). Early American ancestors who were against assimilation in the country foresaw that immigrants to the country would throw away their cultural identities and the next generations would not retain those cultural identities. It was debated that assimilation could result to a similar nature of national identity in which immigrants could achieve both social and economic benefits by integrating themselves into the mainstream of the American culture (Barvosa-Carter). Immigrants are required to take an identity of an Anglo-Saxon, Protestant, white and monolingual English language speaker when integrating immigrants on the assimilationist model. However, assimilation disregarded the important distinction between a national identity and an ethnic identity. Assimilationists have influenced the American political culture with a false view that the growing cultural diversity among immigrants affects their loyalty to the country (Barvosa-Carter). Furthermore, an assimilationist approach adopts the notion that successful integration of immigrants in the country must remove all ethnic identities among immigrants (Barvosa-Carter). Definition of multiculturalism Multiculturalism is also called ethnic federalism because it is the official acknowledgment of unique, fundamentally fixed ethnic individuals and the sharing of resources based on the idea of membership in an ethnic group. It disapproves the concept of the role of ethnic diversity in the emergence of a single, culturally united people. Multiculturalism also affirms the right of every ethnic American to privilege and power, to demand recognition and respect, and to act in their native language (Salins, 1997). Moreover, multiculturalism came out of a conflict between social cohesion and cultural diversity that has been existent in the American political culture since its formation (Bryson, 2005). Assimilation versus Multiculturalism Assimilation in American life has been much more accommodating, flexible, and effective in allowing the country to retain its national unity despite the influx of different types of cultures and nationalities, while multiculturalism is more often an ideology of ethnic grievance and unavoidably results to ethnic conflict (Salins, 1997). There are two principles that are considered the foundation of multiculturalism and the opposites of assimilationism: immigrants should not throw away any of the cultural qualities they inherited from their ancestors and there will or can never be a single united nationalistic identity that all Americans can interrelate with (Salins, 1997). According to Chavez, multiculturalism supersedes affirmative action with a power to influence how all racial and ethnic groups in the country perceive themselves and conceptualize the country. Proponents of multiculturalism have not lost their belief in the capability of assimilation. The drive to traditionally assimilate ethnic minorities has been overwhelming in the United States, notably among the children of immigrants. Religion looks to be a more effective hindrance to complete assimilation than the temporal elements of culture (Chavez, 2009). Strengths and Limitations of Assimilation and Multiculturalism One of the disadvantages of multiculturalism is the failure to hear the voices of other people who live and share in the same country. However, multiculturalism has proved to be powerful and exclusionary because its primary framework and tools are borrowed from the history of anthropology (Michaelsen, 1999). According to Chavez (2009), the driving force for multiculturalism will not come from immigrants, but from their assimilated counterparts who are more affluent and established. However, multiculturalism will not promote progress, but will put the nation a step backward. The more culturally diverse Americans become, the more important that they commit themselves to a shared culture. The most notable attribute of American culture has been its capability to integrate different elements into a new unified culture (Chavez, 2009). Assimilation among Americans has always implied the notion of give and take and the American culture has been enhanced or improved by what individual ethnic groups contributed to it. (Chavez, 2009) Minority groups experiences Discrimination suffered by ethnic minorities in the United States has affected their achievements in life. The country faces two challenges in dealing with ethnic relations: the move to further eliminate the negative impact of racism that started with slavery and the successful assimilation of growing immigrants, particularly coming from South and Central America and Asia. Moreover, the immigration trend in the country has gained exceptional successes in making the nation’s motto a reality. However, each wave of immigration has resulted to tension between new types of immigrants and older, naturalized immigrants (Thernstrom, A & S, 2002). The nature and structure of life in the United States constitutes the social environment in which interpersonal relations among people of different religions, races and national origins occur. The estimated 190 million Americans are not just individual persons with psychological attributes, but belong to different types of groups: primary, secondary, family, associations, social networks, religious, racial, and social classes. The nature of these different types of groups and their interpersonal relationships has a fundamental impact on how people of different cultural backgrounds perceive and relate to each other (Gordon, 1964). The different cultural varieties of Americans have the tendency to be with their own social class and ethnic group for the main purpose of having the warm relationships with their primary groups, interacting with other cultural varieties of Americans mainly in neutral relationships with secondary groups (Gordon, 1964). In conclusion, the United States can cope with the influx of immigrants and increasing diversity by making sure that all Americans learn how to relate with different types of groups that exist in the country. They must learn to continually eliminate structural separation of different types of ethnic groups by enhancing their interaction on the job, on the civic environment, and in other areas of impersonal relations. The process of having a modern and industrial society is dependent on the commitment of mobility and interchangeability of individuals based on their occupational expertise and needs. The universal criteria of training and competence, which rely on the achievement of occupational roles, the choice of political leaders, the selection of living space, and the effective implementation of the educational process must exist in the country, while the criteria based on religion, racial background, and nationality must eliminate. If the structural separation of ethnic groups, brought by prejudices and the desire to maintain their own subculture and ethnic identity, the American society will experience, conflict, mediocrity and confusion (Gordon 1964). Chavez recommends that that all of ethnic minorities in the United States should think of themselves as Americans, no matter where they all come from or what reasons that brought their ancestors in the country. All Americans need to retain the idea that they are one people, not simply an integration of various and competing ethnic groups. Furthermore, the value for immigrant children to understand English than to retain their native language is also necessary to address the complexity of cultural diversity. Going beyond the line where ethnicity and race are the key elements that Americans identify themselves or establish loyalty is also needed. Retaining the values and principles that unite Americans must exist rather than their differences in ancestry (Chavez, 2009). The nation can also cope with the steady influx of immigrants by understanding the concept of culture. Cultures are sets of practices involving codes of communication, habits of interaction, expression of artistic talents, and standards of human behavior that need to be understood by Americans. Furthermore, cultures are interrelated with people because as people change their cultural practices, the entire cultures can and do change (Moya, 2002). Students and teachers can play an important role in helping the nation cope with the growing cultural diversity. They must learn to understand that certain ethnic groups are culturally deprived, while other ethnic groups are culturally rich. It is also important that students and educators must be provided with tools they need to learn the impact of daily interaction on different cultural practices. Understanding the notion of concept of culture will help explain the importance of cultural diversity. Cultures not only can familiarize Americans to the world, but can also be an important form of moral knowledge (Moya, 2002). References Barvosa-Carter, Edwina. American immigrants in American conflict. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. Retrieved April 7, 2009, from http://journal. georgetown. edu/72/barvosa. cfm. Bryson, Bethany Paige (2005). Making Multiculturalism: Boundaries and Meaning in U. S. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University. Chavez, Linda (2009). Multiculturalism is driving us apart. USA Today. Retrieved April 7, 2009, from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mim1272/is_n2612_v124/ai_18274647/ Gordon, Milton M. (1964). Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion and National Origins. Great Britain: Oxford University Press, Inc. Michaelsen, Scott (1999). Limits of Multiculturalism: Interrogating the Origins of American Anthropology. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Moya, Paula M. L. (2002). Learning From Experience: Minority Identities, Multicultural Struggles. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. Park, Robert E. & Burgess, Ernest W. (1921). Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press. Salins, Peter D. (1997). Assimilation, American style: multiculturalism and ethnic relations. Reason. Los Angeles, California: Reason Foundation. Thernstrom, Abigail & Stephan, Eds. (2002). Beyond the Color Line: New Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. Palo Alto, California: Hoover Institution Press.

Are women more religious than men Essay

According to Miller and Hoffmann there is a belief that women are more likely to express greater interest in religion, have a stronger personal commitment and attend church more often. In my own experiences of church my mother my sister and I attend church regularly whilst my brother and father hardly ever attend church giving some evidence in support of Miller and Hoffmann’s view. Furthermore having had a debate with a number of people in my sixth form on attendance levels at religious organisations and religiosity levels of males and females, I found that females viewed religion as more important than males. I became even more interested when a fellow student commented that she thought that males aren’t as religious as females because by identifying with another male in terms love and superiority is an uncomfortable and foreign concept for them. Some argue that Males also believe attending church is a feminine activity. It should be clear that I am focusing on Christianity for the purposes of my coursework. My research will be conducted through using detailed interviews of male attitudes to attending church and the concept of God. I will ask males in my church and from my sixth form the questions will aim to answer whether they think women are more religious, whether it is hard to be comfortable to be loved by another man; whether they believe church is a feminine activity and finally whether father figures affect whether young boys attend church.

SEVIS - visa de estudiante F-1 y de intercambio J-1

SEVIS - visa de estudiante F-1 y de intercambio J-1    El SEVIS es un formulario que deben cubrir y pagar los extranjeros que desean estudiar en Estados Unidos (F-1, F-3 y M-1) y los que aplican a una visa de intercambio J-1. Quà © es el SEVIS Es un programa del gobierno americano que sirve para controlar las escuelas, universidades y programas de intercambio que acogen a extranjeros y tambià ©n a estos durante su estancia en Estados Unidos. Es un sistema basado en internet que da acceso a diferentes agencias gubernamentales para que puedan tener conocimiento al momento sobre cierta informacià ³n sobre los extranjeros en programas de estudio o de intercambio. A quià ©nes aplica A los estudiantes que van a realizar a estudios para estudiar inglà ©s, universitarios, de posgrado y vocacionales para lo cual precisan de una visa F-1, F-3 para estudiantes fronterizos, o una M-1.  Tambià ©n aplica a la gran mayorà ­a de solicitantes de visas de intercambio J-1. Si se quiere estudiar high school, conviene entender cules son todas las opciones de visa. Cunto se tiene que pagar y cà ³mo Las tarifas actuales son de $200 para los titulares de las visas tipo F y M. Los de las visas J abonarn $180 con excepcià ³n de au pairs o nià ±eras y los participantes en los programas de trabajar y viajar en verano o que viajan a Estados Unidos como monitores de campamento, ya que sà ³lo deben abonar $35. El pago puede hacerse por internet en una pgina oficial rellenando el formulario I-901, siendo necesario tener una tarjeta de crà ©dito con la que hacer el pago. Al momento se recibe el justificante de haber pagado y debe imprimirse. Tambià ©n puede pagarse mediante Western Union o cheque en dà ³lares, pero es necesario que sea de un banco en los Estados Unidos. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que las personas admitidas en ms de un programa debern abonar la tarifa para cada uno de ellos. Quià ©nes no tienen que pagar el SEVIS Las personas con visas derivadas, esto es, con una F-2, M-2 o J-2. Son los familiares directos del titular de la visa que viajan con à ©l o ella a Estados Unidos. Adems, no estn obligados a pagar esta cuota los extranjeros que aplican por una visa J-1 cuando à ©sta forme parte de un programa gubernamental de educacià ³n o de intercambio. Si no se est seguro de si se est dentro de esta categorà ­a se puede verificar el formulario D-2019, donde pone nà ºmero de programa si à ©ste empieza con la letra y el nà ºmero G-1, G-2 o G-3 entonces no hay que pagar por el SEVIS. Por à ºltimo, tampoco debern hacer este pago las personas con un documento D-2019 (para los que tienen las visas J-1) o un I-20 (para los estudiantes) que fue emitido con anterioridad al primero de septiembre de 2004. Cundo se debe hacer el pago Una vez que se recibe el formulario I-20 (estudiantes) o el DS-2019 (extranjeros en un programa de intercambio) pero antes de solicitar la visa y, por supuesto, antes de acudir a la oficina consular o Embajada americana para la entrevista. De hecho, al acudir a las instalaciones americanas debe llevarse un justificante del pago. Posibles problemas a tener en cuenta Adems, el pago del SEVIS tienen una validez de 12 meses. Si por cualquier razà ³n la peticià ³n de visa es rechazada y se vuelve a aplicar en el plazo de un aà ±o, no habr que pagar de nuevo por tal concepto (de SEVIS, sà ­ habr que abonar de nuevo la cuota del visado). Por à ºltimo, si no se consigue la visa porque la aplicacià ³n es rechazada no se recuperar el dinero pagado por el SEVIS (ni tampoco por haber aplicado por el visado). Adems, para obtener una visa no inmigrante, como la de estudiante o intercambio, y tambià ©n para renovarla es necesario cumplir dos requisitos: ser elegible para la visa y ser admisible a Estados Unidos. Si no se cumplen, habr problemas. Incluso puede ser negado el ingreso a USA por el oficial del control migratorio, aà ºn cuando se tenga una visa vigente. Estas son 20 causas que pueden convertir a una persona en inelegible (son comunes a la visa de turista) y estas son 22 que convierten a un extranjero en inadmisible.   Si se obtiene la visa, es muy importante estar en todo momento en situacià ³n de estatus migratorio vlido. Para ello evitar situaciones que pueden parecer poco relevantes pero que, en realidad, tienen consecuencias migratorias muy graves, por ejemplo, la posesià ³n de marihuana (mariguana, cannabis). De interà ©s para estudiantes internacionales (visa F-1) Estudiar en Estados Unidos es caro, por lo que es importante intentar obtener becas, por ejemplo, estas  13 universidades de à ©lite con admisiones need-blind (becas con todo -o casi-pagado) becan a todo tipo de estudiantes que cumplen los requisitos, incluidos los extranjeros. Y precisamente porque es tan caro, los estudiantes procuran realizar sus estudios en buenas instituciones. Y para los curiosos, à ©stas son las que conforman la famosa  Ivy League. Adems, para estudiar en un college o universidad de EE.UU. es necesario convalidar los estudios en organizaciones reconocidas por dichas instituciones. Una vez que se obtiene el tà ­tulo es frecuente que deba obtenerse la apostilla de la Haya para homologar los estudios en el paà ­s de origen del estudiante. De interà ©s para personas con visa J-1 Hay muchos programas bajo el paraguas de las J-1. Una de las que despiertan mayor interà ©s es la de  mà ©dicos para estudiar la residencia en Estados Unidos, pero hay muchas ms. Finalmente, la visa  visa O-1  puede servir de opcià ³n a la J-1 en algunos casos para algunos programas. Es importante familiarizarse con las posibles opciones segà ºn el caso de cada persona. Testimonial Lee esta entrevista a Miguel Pà ©rez, primero estudiante becado universitario y ahora residente permanente. Entre otras cosas muestra de una manera clara cà ³mo es posible ir cambiando de programas, siempre legalmente y conservando el estatus migratorio.   Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Boiling Point Elevation Example Problem

Boiling Point Elevation Example Problem This example problem demonstrates how to calculate boiling point elevation caused by adding salt to water. When salt is added to water, the sodium chloride separates into sodium ions and chloride ions. The premise of boiling point elevation is that the added particles raise the temperature needed to bring water to its boiling point. The extra particles interfere with the interactions between solvent molecules (water, in this case). Boiling Point Elevation Problem 31.65 g of sodium chloride is added to 220.0 mL of water at 34  °C. How will this affect the boiling point of the water?Assume the sodium chloride completely dissociates in the water.Given: density of water at 35  °C 0.994 g/mLKb water 0.51  °C kg/molSolution:To find the temperature change elevation of a solvent by a solute, use the equation:ΔT iKbmwhereΔT Change in temperature in  °Ci van t Hoff factorKb molal boiling point elevation constant in  °C kg/molm molality of the solute in mol solute/kg solvent.Step 1 Calculate the molality of the NaClmolality (m) of NaCl moles of NaCl/kg waterFrom the periodic tableatomic mass Na 22.99atomic mass Cl 35.45moles of NaCl 31.65 g x 1 mol/(22.99 35.45)moles of NaCl 31.65 g x 1 mol/58.44 gmoles of NaCl 0.542 molkg water density x volumekg water 0.994 g/mL x 220 mL x 1 kg/1000 gkg water 0.219 kgmNaCl moles of NaCl/kg watermNaCl 0.542 mol/0.219 kgmNaCl 2.477 mol/kgStep 2 Determine the van t Hoff factorThe van t Hoff factor, i, is a constant associated with the amount of dissociation of the solute in the solvent. For substances which do not dissociate in water, such as sugar, i 1. For solutes that completely dissociate into two ions, i 2. For this example NaCl completely dissociates into the two ions, Na and Cl-. Therefore, i 2 for this example.Step 3 Find ΔTΔT iKbmΔT 2 x 0.51  °C kg/mol x 2.477 mol/kgΔT 2.53  °CAnswer:Adding 31.65 g of NaCl to 220.0 mL of water will raise the boiling point 2.53  °C. Boiling point elevation is a colligative property of matter. That is, it depends on the number of particles in a solution and not their chemical identity. Another important colligative property is freezing point depression.

Quantitative Methods for Social Health Research Essay - 2

Quantitative Methods for Social Health Research - Essay Example As the essay declares  cigarette smoking has negative implication on the health of a person. Nevertheless, despite being aware of the effects of smoking, finds it hard to quit the habit. Governments have devised mechanisms of minimizing the amount of cigarette smoked with several measures including plain packaging of cigarette. Plain packaging of tobacco is a packaging that requires removal of all branding and only requires the manufacturer to print a brand name in mandated size in addition to a health warning to help in drawing the smokers’ attention more to the health warning. In relation to the 2010 statistical figures by Australian institute of health and welfare 2010, there is a significant reduction in daily smoking by 15% since 2007. However, it is still necessary to understand the impact of plain packaging of cigarette on the smoking habits to specific groups like the international students.This paper stresses that  the influence of plain cigarette packaging depend s on the smoking level of a person. For an addict, plain packaging has a little impact while, for a starter, the packaging would draw attention to the health warning.  A randomized controlled trials experimental study found that branding has a significant influence on the development of a smoking habit.  The smokers avoided all health warnings, while occasional smokers paid more attention to plain packs than those on the branded ones. The findings indicate that plain packaging of cigarette attracts more attention to the health warning than those of the branded ones, thus can influence the smoking habit.

International Transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Transportation - Essay Example nts have made the transportation industry highly competitive and the companies offering their services have to provide superior services at comparatively low charges to remain competitive in the market. The provision of cost effective as well as high quality service for the international transportation of goods is a challenging task that requires the transporters to focus upon several issues and aspects related with transportation. The following essay aims to discuss different elements of the provision of high quality and cost effective goods’ transportation services to the customer internationally. The essay identifies certain ways through which the international transportation service providers can maintain low cost and competitive services without compromising on the quality of their services. In this regard, the essay highlights the key attributes that the transportation system or service must possess in order attain high quality and cost effectiveness. Moreover, the essay further enlists the key elements and strategies that can assist the companies to provide cost effective and high quality service for the transportation of the goods internationally. The above mentioned attributes must be acquired by a transportation company in order to provide high quality and cost effective service at international level. Following are the elements and strategies that allow the companies to achieve the above mentioned quality attributes at low cost. (These elements will be described in reference to different modes of transportation like road transport, shipping etc) Transportation integration is an important element that can assist the transporters minimizing total cost of the transportation while maintaining the customer trust on the quality of their service. Integrative transport basically refers to the assurance of doing the right assortments at right time, right place and in right condition throughout the supply chain. It implies that the supply chain must be s

Production and operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Production and operation management - Essay Example The organization has able to fulfil its demand as a supplier of extractor and exhaust system to the motor racing industry and performance street car sections. The implementation of off-the-shelf system attracted the price sensitive customers. This off-the-shelf system led the organization to produce more standardized exhaust system. However, the developed exhaust system seemed to be slightly inferior comparing to the customized extractors. Few months earlier, the organization was approached by an organization that used to distribute national car parts. The name of the organization is The Performance Shop. From the starting days the organizations has achieved growth significantly, but it was identified that, after achieving impressive growth the profit margin was not up to the expectation level. Presently, the organization is facing several accounting and business operational problems. The objective of the study is to identify and discuss the operational aspects that are affecting Tur bo Exhausts. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the research will conduct a technical analysis on the current production process used by Turbo Exhausts. The study will be continued by the problem identification and specification. Moreover, the study will highlight daily operational issues and identify the broader organizational issues that have been caused by operational problems. ... By the way, here the issues are not basis on sales, but on effectual utilization of the resources, rational and optimum utility of the machineries and meeting the deadlines in supply, overall business profits etc, where the study focuses. The study is based on Production and Operation Management. Production and operations management (POM) can be defined as the management of an organization’s production system that enhance and improve the production and the business operation of an organization. Since the Manufacturing system renovates the inputs into outputs, the procedure of adaptation has become the most crucial activity. The inadequate planning in scheduling the manufacturing programme, unproductive co-ordination and general controlling make a negative impact on the whole systems of manufacturing and its capabilities. As a result, these structures get underutilized and the companies become less effective in order to compete with several successful companies. To ensure effic ient and smooth operation, industrial manufacturing is developed with successful planning, control and implementation. Production Management turns around Five â€Å"M†s, such as Machine, Men/ Women, Methods, Money and Materials. The firm has to renew and authorize the workforce in order to accept the new challenges in the optimization of the manufacturing process by leveraging the greatest combination of Process or Methods. Conversion Process is one of the important processes that optimize the manufacturing and operational process. There are various methods of handling the production process, such as Batch, Job, Group and Flow. The most critical investment for the future is the flexibility and

Self monitoring and intervention for ring fidgeting habit

Self monitoring and intervention for ring fidgeting habit Habits are said to form when utilizing the same behavior regularly and consistently in a similar situation for the same purpose. They are performed with minimal thinking and little deliberation; and can be considered an automatising of behaviour. While efficiency in cognitive capabilities is achieved; habits cause information to be ignored, never influencing performance of the habit; as outcomes as a result of the habit are overly satisfactory. It has been suggested that good intentions are not acted upon if interfered by the habit; meaning the short term rewards become opposing to long term intentions. It is then that behaviours are identified as bad habits, habits that involve actions providing positive outcomes in the short term, but causing negative outcomes in the long run; including nervous habits, motor tics and stuttering. Nervous habits are defined as unchanging, automatic behaviours that do not serve any social purpose. Examples include hand to head habits such as nail biting or hair pulling; oral habits such as lip or tongue biting; or any repetitive movement such as scratching or object manipulation. Hansen, Tishelman, Hawkins Doepke (1990) and Woods, Miltenberger, Flach, (1996), suggest that hand to head and oral habits are most prevalent in the general population. In a study of college students, Woods et al. (1996) reported that 15% of students engaged in hair manipulation, 10% nail biting, 22% chewing of their mouth or lips, while 22% reported manipulating objects such as pens or jewelry. Fidgeting is defined as engaging in actions that are peripheral or nonessential to ongoing focal tasks or events (Mehrabian Friedman, 1986); involving engagement in actions, movement or manipulation of ones own body or implementation of actions onto other objects; and can hereby be categorized as a nervous h abit. Woods and Miltenberger (1996) concluded that habits such as hair and face manipulation were present in anxiety- provoking conditions; while object manipulations were recorded when participants felt bored. Three potential explanations exist in relation to how such habits are developed and maintained. Firstly, habits are said to be negatively reinforced by decreasing tension, due to automatic negative reinforcements, such as reduction in anxiety and stress. Secondly, habits provide self- stimulatory advantages, such as increase in concentration or focus, therefore aiding in production of reinforced outcomes. Nervous habits are also hypothesized to represent a group of behaviours that are caused by schedule-induced or adjunctive behaviours occurring as a result of time-based schedules such as fixed-time or fixed-interval schedules (Miltenberger, Fuqua, Woods, 1998), possibly to fill time between reinforces and other behaviours. However, habits do not tend to interfere greatly in a persons functioning, as in some cases they may help the individual focus, concentrate or feel aroused; but are known to cause annoyance to the individual or those around them. In some cases, where the frequency may become excessive; numerous negative outcomes can be attributed to nervous habits. For instance hand related habits can lead to risk of infection; while others cause negative social consequences, such as little or no social acceptance. It is when habits occur frequently or intensely that treatment is sought. Several new behavioural technologies have been developed; through the assessment of treatments using group treatment- outcome and single participant designs as well as several case study experiments; with the latter seen inadequate for drawing valid, scientific interpretations. Controlled single and group experiments, specifically those using repeated, objective measures with reversal or multiple base line designs have been shown to have scientific merit (Peterson, Campise and Azrin, 1994), detailing impacts of treatments on the behaviour. Such treatments have been effective in reducing the frequency of habit disorders by over 90% and eliminating them in 40 to 70% of the cases (Peterson et al., 1994); with habit reversal treatment (HRT) found to be consistent in demonstrating high effectiveness and applicability to a range of habits. Habit reversal involves several components aimed at increasing habit awareness, developing competing responses, building and sustaining motivation and compliance; as well as incorporating operant and anxiety management techniques (Piacentini Chang, 2005) to effectively treat habits. Azrin and Nunn (1973) successfully treated 12 clients who exhibited habits for up to 7 years, through the implementation of the 4 key stages of HRT: awareness training, competing response training, habit control motivation and generalized training. Awareness training included components such as: response description, where clients are asked to describe the details of the habit behaviour; response detection where therapists reported occurrences of the habit to the participant almost immediately after occurrence; an early warning procedure where clients became aware of the earliest signs of the habit and situation awareness where an analysis was implemented to name high-risk situations where the habit may occur. Competing response practice involved the client developing a short and socially acceptable behavioural pattern opposite to the habit, usually through a shaping technique. In the case of nervous habits involving hands; clients were instructed to place his/her hands down by the sides, and to clench their fists until they could feel tension in their arms and hands (Azrin and Nunn, 1973). Motivational procedures such as habit inconvenience and social support procedures were used; with reviews of the inconveniences, embarrassment or suffering experienced implemented; while family members positively reinforced the individuals efforts when habit free periods was noted. Clients were asked to perform the CR correctly in the presence of a councilor, while also taught a symbolic rehearsal technique, where clients imaged habit eliciting situations, their detection of the habit behaviour and performance of the appropriate CR for a required 15 minutes. Clients were also reinforced and remi nded of their habit under more casual situations, and were required to elicit the CR for 3 minutes, a technique known as generalized training. The study reported a significant reduction in habit occurrence of 90% after a single session, with an increase to 99% three months after treatment. Similarly, Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz (1980) investigated the effects of HRT on habits, comparing it to negative practice; a technique similar to HRT, but different, as the habit was performed for 30 second periods over an hour period, each day until four days after the habit was undetectable; while participants were telling themselves they should not be doing the habit. It was reported that the HRT was more effective, as HRT reduced habits by one third. Woods, Miltenberger Lumley (1996) reviewed the effectiveness of awareness training, self-monitoring, social support, and competing responses in 4 children. Woods et al. concluded that, while all stages were successful, self-monitoring should be used as the initial stage in treatment, with other components implemented after awareness has been detected. Additionally, the use of anxiety and operant techniques, have also proven successful in treatment of habits. Anxiety management techniques, such as breathing exercises, muscle relaxation and imagery have been implemented as increases in stress and anxiety lead to concomitant increases in tic frequency, intensity and duration (Cohen, Friedhoff, Leckman, Chase, 1992). Although unsuccessful individually, benefits have been detected in multi-component treatments such as HRT. Similarly, operant techniques, in forms of contingency management, entail the manipulation of environmental contingencies so that tic-free intervals are positively reinforced, and tic behaviors are punished (Piacentini Chang, 2005).They should only be used in instances where a clear relationships between the habit and the environmental contingencies are observed. The aim of this study is to suggest an effective intervention or treatment to reduce the occurrence of object fidgeting in a 19 year old female. It is hoped that through the implementation of this HRT, the habit in question is effectively treated, hereby providing the client with a long term solution. Method Participant The participant of this study was a 19 year old Western, middle class, female undergraduate psychology student who expressed interest in reducing the frequency of a nervous habit, specifically the habit of fidgeting in form of manipulation of an object. Operational definition Fidgeting, in this instance, was the engaging in one particular action, non-essential and external to ongoing tasks. Focus was primarily upon the manipulation of an object; in this case the action of fidgeting with a ring. Actions involved the individual using their right hand or left hand fingers to turn the ring into a circle around the finger of which the ring was present. The instance where the individual may have been moving the ring back and forth while on the finger was also counted. Taking the ring on and off the finger; meaning the individual took the ring off and put the ring back on was not taken into account. Ring fidgeting can be classified as an excess nervous behavior; that is unwanted, and therefore should be decreased in frequency, duration or intensity. This behavior was monitored due to its relative high frequency in Participant Xs everyday life. Selection and justification of monitoring method Assessment of the behavior was achieved through the method of an event recording, self- monitoring method. The participant was asked to record the frequency of the habit over a period of 14 days as well as the time the behavior occurred, when and where it occurred, who was around and what happened before and after the habit was detected. Event recording measures the occurrence, either frequency or duration of a low to medium occurring behavior during a specific time interval. This method was used as event recording has been proven effective when wanting to increase or decrease the occurrence of a habit or behavior, while also allowing the behavior in question to be clearly identified as having a beginning and an end. In this case also the habit did not happen at such an extreme high rate that the event itself was difficult to record. Similarly, a self-monitoring method, while less costly and convenient, could prove ineffective as it is possible the act of self behavioural assessment may actually reduce the frequency of the habit, with the individual becoming highly aware of the behavior; and as a result consciously or subconsciously decrease the act of the behaviour. Results Results obtained from the self-monitoring of Participant Xs ring fidgeting habit over the 14 day, self monitoring period are illustrated in Figure 1 below. As the graph illustrates, participant Xs mean of ring fidgeting (M = 3.93) over the 14 day period proves relatively low. A range between extreme scores of 7 was obtained, while the lowest number of fidgets occurred on Day 14 and the highest on Day 7 of monitoring. It is hypothesized that due to the participants preoccupied nature, no incidences were recorded on day 14 of monitoring. It is possible that the reason for high detection of fidgets on Day 7 could be as a result of Xs high levels of stress and fatigue and anxiety associated with her university lifestyle. The frequency of the behavior increased for the first three days, decreased for a day, increased for the following three days, reaching its peak on Day 7. The behavior then decreased abruptly, occasionally increasing, before leveling off for two days and finally becoming undetectable by the last day of monitoring. Of all days, day 14 proved to be different to the other days of monitoring, with no detection of the habit recorded. Contextual Studying for university exams; recalling facts and information, usually when alone Working on assignments and essays; mainly when researching or planning, even writing, usually alone On the train/ waiting for train to go to university in the morning and afternoon- around people Feeling tired after long day at university or after long day studying; around people and when alone When not really doing anything; waiting to get home on the train, or waiting for the train Immediate Feeling stressed or worried about; exams, too many assignments; a lot to do, little time to do it in Feeling overwhelmed and stressed about amount of work needed to be done for university- things like assignments, studying for exams Frustration when not able to recall facts and information for exams Feelings of boredom when not doing much; usually when knows has much to do- specially when on the train to university or back home; as most of the time it is very busy and cannot do much university work- feels like she is wasting time Feeling annoyed about what is happening in life, even in the rest of the world (war etc)- annoyed at the fact that she may not be doing enough in regards of her assignment work or studying; some instances annoyance may be due to hearing something on the news or reading about something that she may not agree with Feeling tired- usually effects the participant in terms of lack of concentration and allows the patient to lose focus on the task The participant sometimes lacks self-confidence, sometimes feels anxious and uncertain when doing assignment work, university work or when in situations where things seem to go wrong unexpectedly The participant sometimes experiences feelings of overwhelm, annoyance and frustration when unable to do certain tasks; most prominently task relating to her university career Believes that she needs to do well at university and therefore is mindful of what she is required to do; must perform well in order to gain excellent qualifications and therefore build a relatively worthwhile career Knows that her university life depends on her ability to study efficiently; to produce high standard assignments for her psychology courses Also highly believes that what is happening in the world now is going to affect everyone and everything; including her family, her friends and herself- somehow hopes to make a difference which may lead again to the pressure which the patient feels when it comes to her career or in this case- how her university exams and assignments (grades) will impact on her ability to get to that level = pressure = anxiety, stress, frustration and feelings of overwhelm Ring Fidgeting Fidgeting, in this instance, was defined as engaging in one particular action, non-essential and external to ongoing tasks. Focus was primarily upon the manipulation of an object; in this case the action of fidgeting with a ring. Actions involved the individual using their right hand or left hand fingers to turn the ring into a circle around the finger of which the ring was present. The habit was observed during the participants waking hours. Immediate Reduction in anxiety and stress levels = feels calmer and peaceful Reduction in levels of frustration or disappointment Reduction in boredom = preoccupation- has a distraction from her anxiety provoking thoughts; feels like she is doing something and able to fill time Increase in ability to recall facts and information for university exams, ability to work efficiently and faster on assignments Increase in ability to focus and concentrate on the task at hand and make good progress on the task No reduction in level of tiredness; still reports to feel fatigue Reduction in self-consciousness Allows the patient to take time out from her busy life and reflect, possibly clear her thoughts Long Term Possible damage to surrounding skin areas Risk of infection if the behaviour becomes excessive As a result of above consequence; possible inability to write or type Possible loss of feeling if the behavior is excessive As a results of all these, the individual could experience little social acceptance meaning that as a result of the damage to skin areas, which does not look nice and is not very attractive- people around the individual may never make friends or even maybe marry This may lead to depression- as such a problems as being cast out of a social groups, or possibly never having a partner or friends can lead to the patient becoming depressed- feeling down, or feeling like everything may pointless and not worth it Negative reinforcement Negative reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement Positive Punisher Negative reinforcement Positive Reinforcement Positive Punisher Positive Punisher Negative Punisher Negative Punisher Negative Punisher Positive Punisher As seen in the Table 1 above, participant X is a 19 year old female who has suffered from habitual ring fidgeting for the last year and a half. Historically, X reports the habit to have begun recently; possibly since the commencement of her university life. The behavior may also be as a result of observations, while her busy university lifestyle and lack of sleep may elicit, but not directly cause the occurrence of the habit. Contextually, Xs habit occurs during times when completing university assignments, studying for university tests at home, travelling to and from university or when really not doing anything; and reports feelings of anxiety, stress, worry, annoyance, frustration, fatigue or boredom when performing the behavior. She describes herself as lacking self-confidence, feeling pressured and uncertain at times about her university work, believing that she must perform well, while highly regarding current world events to play a part in her future. X reports that when fidget ing she experiences relief from anxiety, frustration, boredom and self-consciousness; and experiences increased ability to recall facts and information, concentrate and focus and to clear and reflect on her thoughts, but report little change in her level of tiredness. Long term consequences in this instance were not detected; as the client has experienced the habit for a short time. Hereby, based on the immediate consequences it can be said that the relief and increase in abilities which X feels when fidgeting appears to surpass any sort of immediate negative outcome the habit may impose. Discussion The aim of this study was to implement an effective treatment to reduce the occurrence of object fidgeting of a 19 year old female. It is hoped that through the implementation of this treatment the habit in question is effectively reduced and controlled by the participant. Frequency monitoring of the habit suggests that ring fidgeting in this case was not severe, as the mean fidgets over the 14 days were relatively low. The participant reports that she feels stressed, worried, annoyed, frustrated, tired or bored when performing the behavior; but reports that as a result she experiences relief from anxiety, frustration, boredom and self-consciousness; as well as increased ability to recall facts and information, concentrate and focus on the task at hand; but reports little change in her level of tiredness. The findings seem consistent with the literature outlined previously. As pointed out by Woods and Miltenberger (1996), nervous habits are prevalent in anxiety- provoking conditions; with object manipulation habits recorded when participants feel bored. In this case, the habit seemed to have been present in both types of situations, with immediate stimuli including feelings of anxiety, frustration and boredom. Overall, it is evident that in this case the habit was negatively reinforced by a decrease in tension, mainly through negative reinforcements, such as reductions in anxiety, stress and boredom. Additionally, the participant also reported self-stimulatory advantages, with an increase in focus and concentration. Nervous habits were also hypothesized to be caused by schedule-induced or adjunctive behaviours occurring as a result of time-based schedules such as fixed-time or fixed-interval schedules (Miltenberger et al., 1998). It is possible that Xs habit may be a way to fill in time between behaviours in everyday life and normal reinforces, or be due to the specific stimuli or events. Severe and long term consequences due to the habit could not be detected; but it can be postulated that were the habit to occur excessively, X would possibly be at risk of infection, could experience little social acceptance and as a result possibly depression. The frequency of ring fidgeting in this case was relatively small, causing no severe damage or impairment in the short term. But because of the possibility of it becoming over excessive, a modified version of habit reversal treatment could be implemented to reduce the habit. This method is proposed for this case as HRT has been successful in decreasing frequency of habits by 90% after implementation, with further increase after treatment. X will be exposed to the 3 stages of HRT: awareness training, competing response training and habit control motivation; as well as operant and anxiety reducing techniques. X will be exposed to response description, where she will be asked to describe and demonstrate in detail the actions and behaviours of the habit; response detection where those around X would report the occurrence of the habit immediately after each occurrence; an early warning system where the client will be taught to be aware of even the earliest signs of fidgeting and finally s ituation awareness training where the client will be made aware of the high risk situations in which fidgeting may occur. It is known that awareness training would be effective in this case by making the occurrence of the tic an aversive event (via evaluation or demand characteristics) or that monitoring activities serve as punishers for tic expression (Piacentini Chang, 2005), while also reducing frequency of the habit. Participant X will also be asked to develop a short, acceptable competing response, performed on each occasion when the participant feels the urge to fidget; implemented through shaping. In this case the action of placing her hands down by her side, simultaneously clenching her fists until tension is felt in both arms and hands, could serve as her CR. Shaping allows expression of the habit, while not blocking it but rather weakening the severe aspects of the habit behaviour. Appropriately, the habit could be shaped into more normal behaviours, meaning the CR should be designed to slow down the frequency of the habit, with X not eliciting the habit, but rather something different and appropriate, while also providing X with a different physical expression contingent, still allowing the reduction in negative feelings and positive outcomes. As more control is gained over the habit, the CR becomes increasingly more forceful with the ultimate goal of greater tic control (Piacentini Chang , 2005), and therefore fidgeting would be eliminate. In addition, several motivation procedures, including habit inconvenience and social support procedures are suggested. Reviews will be conducted in regards to the inconveniences experienced; allowing a breakdown of symptoms, while also enhancing motivation for treatment and serving as a step forward in the acceptance of the habit. Close individuals will also be asked to reinforce each habit free period and correct use of techniques. In addition to the 3 intervention stages discussed; X will also be exposed to several operant techniques, preferably through the manipulation of environmental contingencies. As there is a clear relationship between the habit and numerous contingencies, the participants habit free intervals, in the contexts where the habit is most frequent; will be positively reinforced each time; through a rewards system; boosting compliance, while ring fidgets would be pointed out but not rewarded. In addition, strategies of reducing anxiety and stress should be introduc ed as a clear relationship exists between stress and anxiety triggers and habit frequency. The participant should be taught possible relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or muscle relaxation, asked to monitor her relaxation levels and instructed to use them before anxiety provoking or stressful events, hereby possibly never eliciting the habit or reducing it greatly. While the above intervention could be used in its entirety, it must be pointed out that the habit of ring fidgeting is was not overly severe. Results did indicate a relatively low mean for the behaviour, which does indicate the habit as present, but only in relatively low frequencies over 14 days. All stages of the treatment above would have been more appropriate if the participant may have actually experienced severe long term consequences, or possibly more punishers in terms of contingencies. As most of the contingencies proved to be reinforces of reductions in negative feelings, it is possible that anxiety management individually, would serve appropriate, as a clear relationship exists between stress and anxiety triggers and habit frequency. Operant techniques and reinforcement of fixed-habit free periods could also prove successful, as X would learn, after some time that a reward would be given each time the desirable behaviour occurs, in this case the absence of the habit. Aware ness training could also have been successful individually, as awareness of the habit to be an aversive event could reduce the habit and also serve as a possible punisher to the participant; hereby decreasing the habit and achieving the goal of this study. Because of the habit was detected as relatively low in frequency, possibly due the fact that X has only experience the habit for a short time; a general HRT treatment would be considered to be inappropriate as such treatment has been successful at treating more long term and highly excessive habits. Additionally, subjective self-monitoring and SORCK analyses used to analyze the patterns of antecedents and consequent events may not serve as valid in this case. Self monitoring in particular could prove ineffective, with a possibility that the act may actually reduce the frequency of the habit, with the individual becoming highly aware of the behavior; and as a result consciously or subconsciously decreasing the act of the behaviour. Similarly, SORCK analyses were in turn based on self- monitoring and recording, and could be deemed equally as subjective. This study was based on the habit frequency of one subject and not a population of the individuals experiencing ring fidgeting. As this is the case, it is highly hypothesized that the data itself could be rather subjective and non representative of the whole population. Many individuals who self monitor may do so incorrectly and subjectively, as some habits are engaged in without awareness and can be missed, while it is also possib le that participants could also underestimate overestimate occurences.